This talk will walk the audience through an understanding of how psychedelics work on human brain function to account for their fantastic psychological effects. An argument is developed that via the nature of their action on the mind and brain, psychedelics are uniquely powerful tools for informing on the nature of the mind and the brain, including what happens to them when an individual falls into mental illness. Knowing the nature of the problem helps us find effective solutions; thus, a model is presented of how psychedelic therapy can target the core of mental illness to treat it.